Intergenerational Family Violence Essay Example for Free

Intergenerational Family Violence EssayThe family violence has taken a new toll in the current clock. The family violence has effect very common indeed and the number of offenders in these crimes has increased far beyond the reach. The cases originate on daily basis and the statistics show that most of the times victims are females who are physically and mental abused in different ways. In these scenarios it has been observed that these events endeavor much more damage to the baby birdren who watch these events ofttimes. The infant abuse on the other hand has also let debatable as the cases increase. The intergenerational family violence might not ease up been studied before besides it has always been available to study whenever there is an event of family violence. The humilitary personnel nature is base on social training possibleness. It is the human tendency to watch the behaviors and hence try to implement in their personalities (Murrell et al, 2007).Behaviorists have put forward the theory that the social learning theory is applicable only when if it triggers a change in the behavior of the observer whereas the theorists say that the learning process is an ever going process and it is not incomplete if it doesnt cause any change in the behavior (Kernsmith, 2006). Whatever the theorists and behaviorists state about the social learning theory, it is evident that the observations of these events cause damage to the future(a) lives of those who watch these family violence events.Postmodern thinking supports these claims, stating that individuals give rise the social reality for their behavior according to how they interpret norms in particular milieus (Markward, 1997). Child abuse has different effects on the victims. Some children after these events become reserve and some become fiery. Even also watching the abusing of their mothers in front of them creates a negative notion in their head teachers about the realities of life (Pollak, 200 4). This is the learning process as described by the theorists.The observations made by child straighten out a deep impact on the mind intentionally or unintentionally. Sometimes the action doesnt come right after the observation. It is dependent about the mental strength of the individual on how much extreme consummation he has to formalize his mind towards these events. moreover surely the mind is working as the interpretation process continues from time to time (Kernsmith, 2006). In order to cause change the mind works in such a way to determine how much impact such event has made.For example, continuous abusing observations might make the child to become violent at times, even if he is not violent the aggregation of emotions might be taking place in his mind which makes him to get reserved to the situations from time to time. A time comes when the mentality of the child becomes harnessed by the violent activities and he also starts to become violent at times (Corvo, 2006). Th us the change has been triggered in the behavior of the child after looking at these abusing events continuously.This makes the situation awful not only for the child because by this way they cause different violent activities and the victims may increase in numbers depending upon the strength of activities (Pollak, 2004). The violent psychology taken forward by the children has been creating plentitude of issues. The US population is filled with those who have tensions arousen up in their households due to different financial and emotionally problems (Kernsmith, 2006).These usually end up combat and one of them getting beaten. The children also come down in the impact of these fighting resulting in long term future damage to their lives. The behaviorists say that the children have a tendency to attract to those thing quickly which make a deep impact on their mind and heart. They are emotionally immature at early stages and an action like abusing them or their parents can increas e their interest towards these activities (Murrell et al, 2007).It has also been observed that the continuous family violence has been exhibited by those who have gone by this violence before in their lives when they were young (Corvo, 2006). Thus an event like this happening in their early lives provides them the luxury to be like them in the future as they commit family violence by abusing their children and their spouses. Many researchers have observed a relation between the events happening in an early age of a young one when he experienced violence and those offences which he committed when he was adult.This phenomenon is now known as intergenerational transmission of violence and onset. Researchers believe that the build of social learning theory makes its mark by providing the model to the child as he also sees the positive results due to this violence (Kernsmith, 2006). Most often the result of abusing her mother by her father results in the victory of the father due to h is aggressive attitude and then therefore inherits these positive results to implement them in his behavior.Learning theories, such as socialization, social learning, and elements of feminist theory, asserts that behaviors are learned throughout our lives through our interactions with others. This is how the socialization then gets affected by the family violence as it is then exhibited outside the homes (Corvo, 2006). The social learning theory is based on the study of behaviors. With change in behaviors the extremism of these violent acts can be configured by the child as he observes all these events.When we critically evaluate the works of the researchers we come to know that there theories are practical and are very soaked to reality. That is, formally it was believed that the social learning theory doesnt have any impact on the childs behaviors and how he interprets different things and scenarios differently. These theories are and were thought to be just taught in the classr ooms without any practical implementations to be viewed. But certain examples with results have provided the evidence that each and every action is based on some behavior and behavioral change in the children.Alan Sears has been the follower of the social learning theory and he stated the change to be indispensable in each case. It, however, depends upon the current and future scenarios when the person feels the extreme need to behave in a particular order. According to Hume Locks theory of empiricism the child mind is a blank slate after he is born. He just starts to observe things when his mind becomes little bit old. But still the child doesnt have any ability to differentiate between the things quickly.He prototypic acknowledges residual between things and then tries to remember them. The quarry of family violence plays its part when the child starts to learn these behaviors and try to compare them with others in contexts of their results. This learning process binds these a ctions in his mind and produce intimidation. The intimidation is considered as the stir of something to do. This urge is the force that drives the child to implement those actions which he had learnt over time and time. Now when this intimidation gets extreme, the action follows (Pollak, 2004).The strength of the action will be slight at first but the result might be satisfying for him thus providing him the strength to commit this again. These continuous steps will make the child habitual of these things and the interpretation of things and difference between good and bad become ineligible in the mental stature of the child. The intimidation process is then followed by reinforcement. The reinforcement is the final phase of the social learning theory where the mind of the person has become mature enough to stand by his rules and principles and actions which he first observed and then followed over the course of his.The string of these events has made the mind to do violent as a go od act and the maturity of the man accepts these actions as inevitable to bring about a change in others as well. In order to clearly view the reasons of these violent activities we have to go through a number of research steps through the prison record checks and the information provided by various NGOs. This information depicts the facts that the family violence is caused by difference in mental statures of the two who are involved.The gender differences, the act of domination by male on his spouse, the financial and emotionally tensions and the mentality of the person of his childhood when he would have experienced such event and would have thought that it will be better off to get aggressive and make deal agree by force rather than negotiations, thus providing a lot easier battleground to them to conquer (Pollak, 2004). The intergenerational transmission of family violence has made the problems to arise in entire of the America. There are very common cases of these events tak ing place on common basis.People get hurt physically without any reasons and the innocent children who grow up by being abused or watching get people abused try to implement these behaviors afterwards. In order to remove these kinds of violent activities it is imperative that the laws should be made more severe for those who are adult and also they have to provide a facility where they can control their aggression and should be treated for the change in behaviors. The children which have been affected by these events should be taken in for great care as to change their rule of thinking process which could benefit them in their future lives.References Murrell, Amy R. Christoff, Karen A. Henning, Kris R. (2007). Characteristics of Domestic Violence Offenders Associations with Childhood Exposure to Violence. Springer Science + Business Media. Corvo, Kenneth. (2006). Violence, Separation, and Loss in the Families of Origin of Domestically Violent Men. Kernsmith, Poco. (2006). Gender D ifferences in the Impact of Family of Origin Violence on Perpetrators of Domestic Violence. Pollak, Robert A. (2004). An Intergenerational Model of Violence. Springer Verlag.

Ethical Delimas Facing a Profession Essay Example for Free

Ethical Delimas Facing a Profession EssayHealthcare professionals often face complex estimable dilemmas in the workplace. These dilemmas often arise when employment obligations conflict with personal beliefs. An ethical dilemma that is becoming more common in the workplace involves speck contraceptive method. need contraceptives or morning-after pills are a fiery topic. Some pharmacists are refusing to dispense morning-after pills because it is against their beliefs. Imagine yourself in the position of needing this medication.Should the beliefs of the pharmacist outweigh your rights as the patient? For me, the attend to would be a resounding no. According to The Code of Ethics for Pharmacists (Pharmacist. com, 1994), adopted by the membership of the American Pharmacists Association October 27, 1994, Pharmacists are health professionals who avail individuals in making the best use of medications. This Code, prepared and supported by pharmacists, is intended to state publicly the principles that form the fundamental basis of the roles and responsibilities of pharmacists.These principles, based on moral obligations and virtues, are established to guide pharmacists in relationships with patients, health professionals, and society. The Code of Ethics further states, A pharmacist promotes the right of self-determination and recognizes individual self-worth by encouraging patients to participate in decisions about their health. In all cases, a pharmacist respects personal and cultural differences among patients. A pharmacist avoids discriminatory practices, look or work conditions that impair professional judgment, and actions that compromise dedication to the best interests of patients.This guideline clearly states the responsibilities and duties of the pharmacist are to serve the needs of the patient plain when doing so contradicts their personal beliefs. In some states, legislators are introducing bills that would grant pharmacists the right to refuse (refusal clauses also known as conscience clauses) to dispense drugs related to contraception on moral grounds. Other state legislators are introducing legislation that would require pharmacies to fill any legal prescription medicine for birth control. NCSL Health Program, 2011) APhA has had a policy supporting a pharmacists conscience clause since 1998. APhAs two-part policy supports the ability of the pharmacist to step away from participating in activity to which they have personal objectionsbut not step in the way.The Association supports the pharmacists right to choose not to fill a prescription based on moral or ethical values. But recognizing the pharmacists important role in the health care system, APhA supports the establishment of systems to go through that the patients health care needs are served. Pharmacist. com, 1994) When it comes to ethics or morality, arguments and counterarguments will never cease. If a persons religious objections to emergency contraception in terfere with their ability to do their job, then they shouldnt be in that profession. Refusing to do your job because your conscience wont allow it comes with consequences that you must accept. Businesses and society cannot function if people are able to ignore rules, regulations, standards, and laws on the basis of conscience or religious desire.

What Is Syariah Law By Meaning Philosophy Essay

What Is Syariah rightfulness By Meaning Philosophy EssayThe term Sharia itself derives from the verb sharaa, which according to Abdul Mannan Omars Dictionary of the Holy ledger connects to the idea of ghostlike natural rectitude and system of forebode righteousness way of belief and pr proceedice (4518) in the Quran.Definition of Sharia law.Sharia (Arabic to a fault Sharah, Sharia, Shariahor Syariah) is the Arabic countersign for Islamic law, also known as the Law of Allah. The word sharia mean the right path, refers to usageal Islamic law. The Sharia comes from the Koran, the sacred book of Islam, which Muslims considerthe actual word of God.The Sharia also stems from the Prophet Muhammads teachings and interpretations of those teachings by certain Muslim legal scholars. Muslims believe that Allah (God) revealed his true will to Muhammad, who then passed on Allahs commands to servicemans in the Koran. Islam classic all(prenominal)y draws no distinction between religious, and secular life. Hence Sharia covers non hardly religious rituals, but m whatsoever aspects ofday-to-day life, politics, economics, banking, business or contract law, friendly issues and legal rules, is more than legal system, strictly speaking. Islam is al-deen which is the way of life.Sources of sharia law.Basically the primary sources of sharia law argon the Quran, Hadiths or Sunnah which is the sayings, practices, and teachings of the Prophet Mohammed. The inessential sources argon ijma, qiyas, ijtihad and istihsan.School of Sharia lawNo.Schools of sharia lawExplanation1.HanbaliMost conservative school of Sharia. Used in Saudia Arabia .2.MalikiBased on the practices of the people of Medina during Muhammads lifetime.3.ShafiiEmphasizes on opinions, companions of the Prophet Muhammad4.HanifiMost liberal school, relatively open to rough limited modern ideas.WHAT IS HUDUD LAW BY MEANING?Etymology.It per conformityer limits, or forbidden and also asdefinition. The root word is derived from the Arabic hadd. Literally hudud(Arabic, also transliteratedhadud,hudood singularhadd,, literal meaning limit, or restriction) is the word often used inIslamicliterature for the bounds of acceptable behaviour and the penaltys for serious crimes.Definition of hudud.In Islamic law orSharia, hudud usually refers to the class of penalizations that be fixed for certain crimes that are considered to be claims of God. They include theft, fornication and adultery (zina), consumption of alcohol or early(a) intoxi give the sackts (khamr), and apostasy. check to Islamic dictionary hudu law is define as muslim law divine punishments the category of crimes most egregious and hence most bad punished. Sharia is an Arabic word meaning the right path.Crimes in IslamCrimes under Islamic Law post be broken down into 3 major categories. Each will be discussed in greater distributor point with some common law analogies. The three major crime categories in Islamic Law areHadd Crime s plural hudood (most serious), Tazir Crimes (least serious), Qisas Crimes (revenge crimes restitution).Hudud crimes.Hadd crimes are those which are punishable by a pre-established punishment show in the Quran. These most serious of all crimes are found by an exact reference in the Quran to a specific act and a specific punishment for that act. on that point is no reducing the punishment for a Hadd crime. Hadd crimes fox no minimum or maximum punishments attached to them. The punishment system is comparable to the determinate sentence imposed by some judges in the United States. If you commit a crime, you know what your punishment will be.No judge can change or reduce the punishment for these serious crimes. The Hadd crimes areMurder, Apostasy from Islam (Making war upon Allah and His messengers), Theft, Adultery, Defamation (False accusation of adultery or fornication), Robbery, Alcohol-drinking (every intoxicants)The first iv Hadd crimes require a specific punishment in the Q uran. The last three crimes are menti oned but no specific punishment is found. Thus the last three crimes, the punishment falls into taazir crimes which the punishment is declared by the government.Punishments under hudud law.Hududpunishments are the severepenalities prescribed byshariafor offenses defined as being against God himself. The punishments for these crimes are seen as divinely ordained and cannot be changed by humans.Methods of ExecutionHOW SYARIAH AND HUDUD LAW APPLIED IN MALAYSIA?According to Islam, a state which use holy quran and prophets tradition as its state constitution and the law that govern the people is an Islamic law is an Islamic state. The rulers also must be elected from muslim members in their community.Article 3 of the Federal governance stated that Islam is the worship of the Federation. But as such stated in Article 11 of the Federal Constitution is that every person have the right to profess and practice their own theology and subject to Clause 4, to propagate it.Article 3 merely declares that Islam is the appointed religion of the federation. It does not declare as does Constitution of Pakistan that the federation is an Islamic state.In Malaysia, although sharia law is applicable to all Muslim, but it only deals with family law and the division of fitty. Not all chambers of sharia law is applied in Malaysia. Basically for crime, the punishment is laid down in Penal encrypt.Recently, the government of Kelantan express their intention to impose hudud law in Malaysia art object the other opposition side refuse to, especially DAP which their members all are non-muslim and Parti Keadilan Rakyat. fetching into consideration how you wanted to govern the people which are not muslim and didnt have faith in it, to follow its rules?As rational human beings, of course we witness that in life there is such a thing as limits to whatever we can do or experience in all that takes place upon ourselves or others for the matter. No matter what particular matter or issue that we want to d swell upon or commit, we know that the law of nature constantly prevails over us or any circumstances.How much can we eat? How much can we drink? How much can we motorcarry? How fast can we go? How long do we want to live? in that respect are just so more things that we can keep asking each and everyone of you command this and almost always you will agree with me that there is only a certain amount of things or eventualities that can take place.History is the best instructor of us all where it concerns matters that mankind are so desperately after? Power, strength, y outh, beauty, libido, masculinity, femininity, authority, wealth, all the spoils of this earthly life that one can imagine and crave for? mull over back to our coming into being. From a embryo after being conceived by our mother as a result of the physical union of our parents, we develop from leg to stage and eventually become a fully formed human baby in our mothers womb and at the appropriate time and moment persistent by Allah the Almighty, we are born and delivered into this earthly realm.If we had stayed any longer in our mothers womb, there might be a danger both to our mother and to us as an infant ready to come out into this world. There is a certain limit to pregnancy. Thats a form of hadd or limit.Coming back to the master(prenominal) gist of this posting, we now have to understand what the Hudud in Islam means? As stated above, the ulama of Fiqh define hudud to be a Code of Punishments to be implemented by the authorities in an Islamic nation upon criminal acts carried out by the offenders who are proven without a doubt to be guilty of such crimes and upon conviction be punished as decreed by the Almighty. It is to verbalise that if hudud law will be enacted in Malaysia, some of the consummation must be recheck and change to suit the golf club now.As such, there is no render for any punishments decreed by Allah SWT t o be reduced, added on or altered by Mankind. The Hudud is Allahs Rights upon us Mankind. Criminal punishments upon those found to be guilty according to the Hudud Laws can not be dropped against the criminal or criminals by any individual or cabaret as a whole.The Hudud Laws are meant to be a safeguard from the Almighty to protect human society from all forms of crime and to preserve peace, social orderliness and to ensure the safety of the general public. Any form of wrongdoing committed by any individual or group is to be judged according to what has been laid down in the Supreme Constitution of Allah SWT in the form of the Holy Al Quran Al Karim and as per the Hadiths of His Greatest and Final Messenger to all Mankind, the Blessed Prophet Muhammad S.W.T.Part A ( Chart Research )SUGGESTION TO IMPLEMENT THESE LAWS ONTO NON-MUSLIMS.There is suggestion to implement these laws onto non-muslims, but, question arise whether this is workable? Our group had divided into three categories during our research and analysis on this suggestion where we suggested to divide the opinion to the raw material of 3 findings, which consist most general(society Malaysia), less general(MMU student), and specific(lecturer and legal expertise). First category is on the views given by society in Malaysia.CHART 1 Malaysian CITIZENS VOTES ( Based on Poll Opinion on Internet )The second category is according to the societies votes in Malaysia included those non-Malaysians who lived in Malaysia.Chart 2 MMU VotesAccording the chart above, which derived from the poll, survey and interviews that made by our group. There were 30% of Muslims in Malaysia totally disagreed to implement these laws in Malaysia, and, 10% of them agreed to implement it in Malaysia, 2% of them were inert positions. While, for the votes given by non-Muslims in Malaysia, there were 35% disagreed and none of them vote for agree or neutral. On the other hand, Muslims but not citizens of Malaysian gave 5% agreed and 5% disagreed towards the suggestion but none of them give votes for neutral. Lastly, the non-Muslims for those who are not the citizens of Malaysia, totally disagreed by giving 15% of the votes.It can be conclude that 85% of the Malaysian citizens totally disagreed on the suggestion to implement these laws onto non-Muslims. Some of them say that there will be no equality and judge to those who has no beliefs in the religions. Not only that, there is also some sayings that the law is too excessive and strict to adapt in current society. There will be difficulties and challenges that government and society will face if they impose the law.LECTURERS VIEWCHART 1 Lecturer views and opinionsIn this chart, we can see that among 9 lecturers that had been interviewed, there were 5 lecturers that totally disagreed of the suggestion to implement these laws onto non-Muslims. One of them is Miss Nur Fazini Asro put inti Ramizi Sulaiman, which in her opinion, she said that As for me, the sug gestion to implement hudud law to non -Muslims is unreasonable. This is because if it is to be compute upon the legal perspectives itself, the Syariah law only has the legal power within the matter of MUSLIMS only. The interpretation in the statute itself has define, who are to be governed within this kind of law. For an example, a non-Muslim cannot become a syariee law, only a Muslim can be a syariee law, alike(p) goes to the syariah law (implementation only to Muslim). Thus it may be seem to complicated if contestations, suggesting hudud law are to be implement to non-Muslims. Not only that, Dr. Mohamed Ishak Bin Abdul Hamid also stated in his opinion that Hudud law ,is created only to govern the one who are professing the religion of Islam, and as for non-Muslims , it shall be raw for them, for hudud law to be impose on them , due to their lack of knowledge, pertaining on Hudud law.On the other hand, the other 4 lecturers were in neutral opinions. Neither agreed nor disagreed . According to Sir Gary Ng Kit Min, If it to be look upon to in this matter, it may be divided into 2 aspect which is, in religion perspectives and the legal system perspectives. If in religion perspectives, the syariah law, should be apply to muslim only, not to non-muslim ,but if in legal perspectives, if the parliament passed a law, that which provides that the syariah law shall be the triumph law in the rural area, thus the citizens (Muslim and non) cannot do anything except to accept it as the law of the country.As for Sir Jeong CP, have a varied view pertaining on this matter, the religion is not wrong, if the question to be arose, such issues. Every religion have its own way in culturing of the individual who professing the religion itself, It its to be look in more liberal way, the religion is never wrong, it is one who are professing the religion are to be blamed for not giving the detail reason for his or her act. For an example, if its to be look in one principle of a car and a driver, the driver drive a car later caught into accident, whos to be blame? The car or the driver.? The car is never to be blamed, as it had given, its fullest performance, well as for the driver? it may be the driver fault, maybe he was negligence when driving the car .Same goes to the religion, if theres any defect, mischief or any mistake occurs to the society due to action done by an individual who professing such religion, it for them ( the individual ) to be blamed, as he or she has been negligence.The Al-Quran had put such many various way, to protect the maslahah (life in word and hereafter ) of individual, and any action done by an individual must have the sebabasbab ( reason ) .The society have been much liberal nowdays, any action done, must come with justifications and reason. Then the society may somehow be much open minded to put on any law to govern them, to develop a better society.Part B ( Articles and Newspaper Reviews ) ARTICLES SUMMARYHudud Law being applied in Terengganu, Malaysia1As being shown in the article itself, Hudud Bill was being drafted by the Terengganu State Government and it constitutes a gross violation of the principles of justice and equality in Islam. Its being said that under this Hudud Bill, women who reported to been enthralld if being unable to provide evidence for the said statement, will be charged for calumnious accusation and 80 lashes an unmarried woman who gets pregnant is assumed to have committed zina,2even if she has been raped also a women cannot be taken as a witness for a case. The question arise here would be, how is this constitutional in the eyes of the law? In Malaysia we have a supreme law which is the Federal Constitution (FC) and under the FC, it provides equality section which made all persons equal before the law and entitle to an equal protection of law. The Hudud however, contradicts with the provision of the FC as it mentioned no discrimination shall occur in favor of any person u nder Art.8 of the FC3.It is important to note that all criticisms of Islam and its defense mainly outflank around its approach to women rights. Theres many criticism as to why Hudud shouldnt be applied in Malaysia, but the criticism is primarily focused on the stringent requirements of quatern reputable witnesses for offences such as adultery and qazaf4which according to them makes conviction for the abovecrime almost impossible.The evidence that could support the charge of adultery are the apology of either orboth the accused persons and/or eyewitness testimony made by four males, who are of justifiable and credible character. Anything else is merely circumstantial evidence and not admissible in a hadd prosecution.5Going back to the article itself again, question to be asked would be whether it would be unjust for the law to come out with a punishment of flogging 80 lashes if a clear proof of the rape committed couldnt be shown? The answer itself, lies under Art.8 of the FC as in the case of PP v DatukHarun bin Haji Idris6, whereSuffian LP laid down the principle stating that if a law itself is discriminatory, one should see whether it falls within the exceptions allowed by the FC and if its not, it cant be said as a good law. As the situation laid down here, if we insist to apply Hudud into the Malaysian Legal form, even to the non-Muslim, it would definitely be unjust and contradicts with our Constitution as it is not obeying the purvey laid under Art.8 of the FC, which the equality of all before the law. Tun Dr. Mahathir, our ex-PM commented at the Hududs condition on rape offence, whereby four witnesses are required to convict a perpetrator, that today we have the modern equivalent tool of DNA. You can collect evidence of rape through collect DNA samples and compare them with the offender.In Islam, the most important thing is justice. When you judge, you must make sure justice has been served. If you judge knowing clearly that this is unjust, then I gestate it is un-Islamic, he said.7And not to forget, Art.11 of the FC is interpreted itself to mean freedom of religion and therefore it is supposed to be a guarantee against prosecution on the basis of superior of religion thats being propagated.As for the effect of the Hudud on the gender relations if its being applied in Malaysia, there are many provisions in the Hudud discriminate against women. Women will not be accepted as witnesses and women are also most likely to be prosecuted for slander if they are not able to prove rape, which contradicts which our current provision of the Constitution. While in cases of adultery women which becomes pregnant will immediately be charged for the offence while it will be impossible to charge the male partner because of the requirement of four male Muslim witnesses. Evidence for rape is ocular evidence of four adult male witnesses or confession of the accused. The victims own statement has no testimonial value. Even if medical examination is taken and a sexual act has been proved to have taken place, the accused can still be acquitted. The woman is then convicted of zina. The onus is upon the victim to prove that she was not a accept party to her rape. Even minors can be convicted of zina, unlike what is provided in the existing penal code, where consent of a minor is immaterial and statutory rape is applicable. All of these will then be causing gender discrimination in our country and the equality provision under the Constitution will therefore become unreliable under the provision of the Hudud if being applied here, in our country.ARTICLES SUMMARYHudud Law being applied in Saudi Arabia tralatitious Islamic law has become the basis for criminal law systems in Islamic countries. The most notable example of this is Saudi Arabia, where the Quran and Sunnah form the basis for the government and the legal system.Political BackgroundArticle 1 of the Constitution states thatThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a sovereign Arab Islamic state with Islam as its religion Gods Book and the Sunnah of His Prophet, Gods prayers and peace be upon him, are its constitution, Arabic is its language and Riyadh is its capital8The legal system is, therefore, establish on the divine revelation, rather than judicial decisions or written law. Article 38 of the Saudi Constitution sets forth that (i)There shall be no crime or penalty except in accordance with a Shariah or organizational law. (ii)There shall be no punishment except for acts committed subsequent to the coming into force of the organizational law.This indicates that crimes and their penalties must be specifically set forth before punishments may be imposed. The Saudi Constitution also provides that the state protects human rights in accordance with the Islamic Shariah9.Legal SystemSaudi Arabian courts follow the Hanbali school. A judge in Saudi Arabia is called a qadi and must be adept as a scholar and a great follower of Islam10. There are three levels of c ourts. Mustajalah courts are the local courts and do not have jurisdiction over any case that could result in death. The High Courts of Sharia Law, or kubra, have jurisdiction over hudud and qisas crimes. Although usually only one qadi sits on each court, the hearing of a crime that would result in execution is comprehend by a panel of three judges. The three qadi pass on the investigation, examine witnesses, and issue a verdict. A defendant sentenced to death in a kubra court has a right of appeal to the Court of Cassation, and the case is heard by a five-qadi panel. During this review, the court does not examine the law or facts, but merely ensures that the judge has paid sufficient attention to the point of remonstration11. The Supreme Judicial Council reviews all death penalty cases. The King has final review. For death penalty cases for hudud crimes, the only review is of guilt the penalty cannot be changed12.PopulationSaudi Arabia is the largest Muslim country of the world. It has an estimated population of 28 million. Saudi Arabia is a Kingdom and about 8 million people are migrants from different countries of the world. Saudi Arabia is the center of Muslims as the mousoleum of Holy Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) is in this country.According to The Future of the Global Muslim Population by Pew Research philia13, Saudi Arabia have about 25,493,000 estimated number of muslims population in 2010, which brings to approximately 97.1% of its citizen is a muslim. Thats about 1.6% of the muslim population as a whole.Educational SystemAccording to Robert Sedgwick14, education in Saudi Arabia is segregated by sex and divided into three separately administered systems general education for boys, education for girls and traditional Islamic education (for boys). The religious secondary school curriculum includes the general academic secondary school curriculum but focuses primarily on Islamic and Arabic studies. Where memorization of the Quran, interpretation and under standing of the Quran (Tafsir) are stressed.Newspaper reviewANALYSIS BETWEEN MALAYSIA AND SAUDI ARABIAWell it come to our understanding, on the paper based on its facts, analysis and others, we might able to implement this kind of law to both in Malaysia. But the question arose, whether when the government tries to implement this kind of law to both, would It be a total satisfaction to all who professing other religions?Indeed based on the analysis in Saudi Arabia country, it much self-evident to see, hudud and syariah law, have well indeed, governed its government and society, whether in education, society, politics and legal system. But it come to much argument though, well if it is to be look upon the society of Saudi Arabia itself, Saudi Arabia is the largest Muslim country of the world. It has an estimated population of 28 millionapproximately 97.1% of its citizen, is a muslim. Thats about 1.6% of the muslims population as a whole. Differently in Malaysia which consist a multi -race society, which professing other religion instead of Islam itself. It would be easy to implement to Saudi Arabia, where its citizens, almost 97% professing the religion of Islam, while in Malaysia at least 30% of its citizens, professing the religion of Islam.Further to be illustrated that, as to be seen in respect of Education matters in Saudi Arabia, the government itself have well emphasized the society with primarily on Islamic and Arabic studies where the government of Saudi Arabia divided the system of education, into three parts which is education for boys, education for girls and traditional Islamic education (for boys), since their childhood. Differently, in Malaysia, it seems that the government itself does not really emphasizes the teaching of Islam (like fardhu ain) to the citizens, where the general education are ought to be champ.To be concluded, if one argument arose that the hudud law are ought to be implemented in Malaysia, first aspect to be considered is, the government of Malaysia itself may need to take a re regard to send a few people of ulama to have an emphasize knowledge of hudud and syariah law in any other Islamic country for example Saudi Arabia. As far to be concern, Malaysia have none who is really have such a perfect detail knowledge of any arguments pertaining to hudud law itself. Differently in Saudi Arabia, it would be easy to implement hududlaw there, as to the reason, there is many ulama who are far concerned, well learned of the syariah and hudud law themselves.THE DIFFICULTIES AND CHALLENGES ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE HUDUD LAW IN MALAYSIA.Crux of hudud controversy, is the fact that both sides do not understand democracy and do not respect the democratic right of someone to support or react what they feel they want to support or oppose. organism a citizen of a democratic country, every citizen has a democratic right to drea about the Hudud and to support it, also to have nightmares about Hudud and oppose it. The i mplementation of hudud law (or any law for that matter) in Malaysia remains a possibility under democracy. It is not yet implemented because the majority of Malaysians including the Muslims themselves for some reason do not want it. They are simply practicing their democratic right by not giving it their consent.15Seen from a broader perspective hudud is not real the real problem. It is just a form of punishment for a number of crimes mentioned in the Quran. Only criminals and criminals want-to-be, we might say, should be afraid of it. A worthy Muslim would never reject hudud per se because he knows that it is a part of Islamic Law and it is a part of Islam. But a proper Muslim also would not allow people who are incompetent to use hudud as their rhetoric just to get into power because they are going to create bigger disaster. Hudud and Islamic law will not appear good and convincing in the hands of those who do not possess adequate moral and intellectual integrity. Hence, this is a matter of giving the trust to the rightful people. Implementing hudud is a big trust and it should not be given to just anybody. If the ability is not yet there, the real responsibility of the Muslims is to get themselves equipped with what it takes to carry out that responsibility.16So the real problem is the Muslims themselves who are, as a whole, no longer good Muslims in term of their understanding and practice of Islam so that they are not capable of carrying out their duties and responsibilities as it should be.As such, and as a matter of priority, what they really need today is a proper education that will make them be a good Muslims morally and intellectually. It is true that the criminals among them need to be punished according to Islamic law but that is not going to happen anyway if the majority do not believe in Islamic law or have no confidence in those who want to implement it.So now, the crux of the matter is actually education, only a properly educated human bein g will be able to use his democratic right wisely. When we talk about the education, the accent mark is on the individuals, not the society, and what matters most is ethics and morality instead of politics and law. Islamic law and political system cannot be conceived nor practiced outside the example of Islamic ethics and morality because justice actually begins with the self. Even divine law cannot bring justice to the society if it is left in the hand of incompetent and corrupt individuals. A corrupt government can be brought down through the ballot box but it does not guarantee that the new government will be better that the previous one. True reform must ultimately come from a gradual process of education that is properly conceived and implemented.Our politicians, unfortunately, are not really interested in education. Perhaps, due to being poorly educated themselves, they do not see anything greater and more important than power. They think only with power and kind of reform c an be done, hence their first concern over anything else is to get into power.17Besides that, the Malaysian Bar, stated that the Hudud cannot be implemented within the current constitutional and legislative framework. This is because, the law, as it stands, does not allow for the implementation of hudud by the States. The Federal Constitution only allows the States to enact laws creating offences by persons professing the religion of Islam, against the precepts of Islam, and the respective punishments for such offences. With respect to the nature of such offences, these offences cannot include matters within the legislative powers of the Federal Government. Therefore, there can be no replication of any of the offences within any Federal law with a different degree of punishment only for Muslims. Further, these laws, if enacted, must themselves be consistent with fundamental liberties guaranteed to all citizens, including Muslims, under Part II of the Federal Constitution.As to the s cope of the punishments for offences against the precepts of Islam, the extent must be conferred by Federal law. The Syariah Courts (Criminal Jurisdiction) spiel 1965 provides that the Syariah Courts in all States shall not exercise jurisdiction in respect of any offence punishable with imprisonment for a term exceeding hexad strokes or with any fine exceeding five thousands ringgit or with whipping exceeding six strokes or with any combination thereof. Hence, the penalties that Syariah Courts can mete out are clearly circumscribed, and do not inclu

Converting Files into Different Formats

Converting Files into Different FormatsJay Kybert Converting commits to different changes is useful for several applications. One of the most common reasons for converting a record is to compress it, whether an image, audio track, etc. Compression is a useful computer tool that reduces the space these reads takes up, the easiest way to convert a file for the average exploiter is to simply enter the new file extension. Users can activate an plectrum that allows them to see the file extension (.txt, .JPG, etc.). By navigating to File Explorer Options, users can untick the option marked red in the image below, this allows the extension to be shown on known file graphemes, and therefore manually altered if wanted. The results of compression entirely forecast on the type of file being converted and what its being converted to. For example, converting a .PNG file (Lossless Compression) to a .JPEG (Lossy Compression) will save space by decrease the file sizing of the image, but i t will also decrease the overall image grapheme due to the different methods of compression.File sizes vary dramatically, saving in one format may make the image look more crisp, but at the expense of a lot of disk space. Although it could be the smash opposite, with poor quality but little disk space. Bitmaps, a type of image that uses arrays of different coloured pixels, are the most common and efficient type of image. Vector images use lines and equations to create simpler and less-detailed images. Because of this, they are typically smaller in file size, but lack detail. Once a bitmap image has been created and is to the highest degree to be saved, the user needs to know what the purpose of the image is, whether to nurse a high quality, large image, or the opposite. Bitmap images do allow for users to harbor the amount of compression the file will undergo, typically in the form of a variety of file formats or advanced compression options. The JPEG file format is widely uti lize due to its several layers of compression. The image can be slightly compressed, if the space is needed, all the way to 10% of the original file size (at the expense of the images quality). The table below details some of the common bitmap file formats, and some information regarding them.The JPEG is one of the most common file formats used in storing images. It has a variety of compression options that use a specific algorithm to reduce the quality to whatever the user wants. Its compression algorithm is lossy, core that the compression does degrade the overall quality of the image by decreasing the rate of colours, making certain shades the same colour, etc. These methods reduce the number of bits required to store the file. As mentioned previously, JPEG is a useful file format since the user decides how compressed the image is going to be. Therefore, depending on the users preference, the file can be a slightly larger than normal JPEG but it will provide a crisp image.A PNG file uses lossless compression to provide a clear image with some element of compression. It is in truth similar to GIF (Graphics Interchange Format), however it does not support animations. When using the screenshot feature on a computer, umteen operating systems choose to compress the image automatically, saving more space. However, the Macintosh OS and some versions of Linux save a .PNG which is almost the raw, uncompressed image, providing a clearer picture. Opposite to lossy compression, lossless compression doesnt affect the original quality of the image and still decreases file size however, it doesnt save as untold space as lossy does. It works by reading the data of the bitmap and rearranging it in a more efficient way. Once the file is reopened there is no change in quality, only the file size has changed.To show the difference in compression and file size, I downloaded a royalty-free image from a website. I chose to save it as a .PNG, the image on the left proves this. I then saved the same image as a .JPEG. The image on the right shows this. The PNG file is almost five times larger than the JPEG, this clearly shows the relationship between file size and image quality.The organisation of a computer system is on the whole pointless if the files arent named appropriately. Younger computer users may simply write a keyword that has relevance, for instance a string of lyrics for an .mp3 song. This relevance in naming allows users to easily let on the file later. However, naming a file random numbers or letters if in a hurry makes it harder to search for in the future, especially if there are lots of files on the same system. The image below shows two of my files and how they are organised on the system.For similar reasons to naming files, folder structure is very important to many people who use computers regularly and store a variety of data. Folders give a structure to the disk that is storing the information. Many operating systems have folders even before the user creates their own, they are designed for organisation. The best example of this is Windows Downloads, Documents, Music, Pictures, and Videos. Even though there are no restrictions on allowing a user to place a document in the Video folder, it would be counter-intuitive to do so. With businesses, where lots of information is stored, a vast amount folders are needed to ply to the variety of information otherwise it would be difficult finding a specific file amongst thousands of other files. Creating subfolders is useful for this. Below is an example of my personal folder structure for this course.Lossless compression, as mentioned previously, is a method of reducing file size without affecting the overall quality of the image. It rearranges the data for the image in a more efficient way, which reduces the file size slightly, but preserves all the original bitmap. Therefore, the image looks as good as the original picture and takes up a smaller amount of disk spac e. If wanted, the compressed image can be changed back into a raw format, with no decrease in quality but an increase in file size.Lossy compression works by removing less-important parts of the bitmap, this reduces the number of bits required to display the bitmap and therefore the file becomes smaller. The less-important parts of the image are usually similarly-looking shades of colour, or colours altogether. By using less-colours or removing certain parts of the bitmap, the image still looks give care the original but with less detail, depending on the amount of lossy compression depends on the compressed quality. Thus, files that use lossy compression have a much smaller size, but also poorer quality. Video files, audio files, etc. can also be affected by lossy compression.Sourceshttp//www.mediacollege.com/microsoft/windows/extension-change.htmlhttp//balunywa.blogspot.co.uk/2016/02/jpeg-gif-or-png-images.html.WLRhyDuLSUkhttp//www.picswalls.com/pic/beautiful-nature-wallpapers/ht tp//whatis.techtarget.com/definition/lossless-and-lossy-compression

Tour Operations Sector Of The Travel Industry

excursion Operations Sector Of The Travel patienceThe indicate of this assignment is to investigate the bend operations ara of the travel and rubism assiduity, including the contrastive types of wheeler dealer, their products and services, the scale of the sector and how it hasbeen affected by trends and developments. Learners will explore the stages regard in maturation a share holiday and develop skills associated with determining a marketing price for a holiday and the distribution methods used by play slatterns to sell holidays.The travel industry predicts a continuing move away from packages towards independent travel coupled with Britains slow exit from the recession tour actor bookings show that the desire to take holidays in 2010 is stronger than ever, as compared to December 2008 to March 2009. (Aito 2010) The demand for cheap deals are no longer the driving performer in tour operator bookings, consumers are now more concerned about customer service, and th is is jumping ahead of price. Spain remains Britains favourite holiday destination. It is familiar to many, and easy to r to each one from across the UK on no-frills airlines. The Canaries Island for example is a bright spot for tour operators with a lot of spic-and-span-build accommodation over the by decade and more all-inclusive than in other areas. The big two are increasingly branding major resort hotels for particular client types. The nanna Melia Palacio de Isora in Tenerife will be part of Thomsons flagship Sensatori resorts brand from May, offering luxury for adults with an emphasis on spa treatments. First Choice is adding a new Holiday Village in Lanzarote at the Flamingo Beach hotel, offering families all-inclusive holidays in apartment-style accommodation.Specification of AssessmentThis assignment is in two parts project 1 Covers Learning Outcome 1 and Learning Outcome 4 (LO1 and LO4)Task 2 Covers Learning Outcome 2 and Learning Outcome 3 (LO2 and LO3)TASK 1 You a re required to write a report on Tour Operations in the 21st Century showing how the Industry has developed, the size, scale and complexities of tour operations today and to examine the implications of catamenia trends and decision making on the industry. Within this task you are expected to address LO1 and LO4. (P1, P2, P9 and P10) enrapture read requirements 1 and 4 for this task.TASK 2 Within the Tour Operating Industry, you are required to develop and distribute a tour operator package, rationalise the stages of the product development, draw up timescales, prepare a package costing, tax and recommend distribution. Within this task you are expected to address LO2 and LO3. ( P3, P4, P5, P6, P7 and P8) beguile read requirements 2 and 3 for this task.Requirement 1 -Investigate the tour operations sector of the travel and tourism industryDescribe the tour operations sector of the travel and tourism industry Pass P11.2 rationalise the effects of current and recent trends and developments on the tour operations Sector of the travel and tourism industry Pass P2Desmonstrate creative thinking for tour operations current, recent trends and future developments discussed in Q.1.2 Distinction D3Requirement 2 Explore the stages involved in developing packages2.1 Describe the stages and timescales involved in developing the holiday package Pass P32.2 Explain the suitableness of antithetic methods of contracting for antithetical components of the software program holiday and different types of tour operator Pass P4Determine a selling price for a package holiday from given over information Pass P5Identify and utilise strategies in developing a package holiday to a particular destination as discussed in Q.3.1 Merit M1Present and communicate appropriate fall outings as required in Question 3.3 Merit M3Requirement 3 Review the role of Brochures Methods of Distribution used to sell Package HolidaysExplain the planning decisions taken for a specified bro chure Pass P6Explain the suitability of alternatives to a traditional brochure for different types of touroperator Pass P73.3 Explain the suitability of different methods of distribution used to sell a holiday for differentTypes of tour operator Pass P8Use critical reflection and Evaluate the different types of tour operations and different methods ofDistribution used to sell holidays and justify conclusions as discussed in Question 4.3 Distinction D1Requirement 4- Examine strategical and tactical decision making for tour operators4.1 Explain the strategic decisions made by different types of tour operator Pass P94.2 Explain the tactical decisions that could be taken by a specified tour operator in differentSituations Pass P10Apply methods and techniques used by different types of tour operators to make strategic decisions discussed in Question 2.1. Merit M24.4 How to take responsibility for managing and organising activities to explicate the deliberate decision that could b e taken by a specified tour operator in different situations discussed in Question 2.2 Distinction D2Plagiarism and CollusionAny act of plagiarism and collusion will be seriously dealt with consort to the regulations. In this context the definition and scope of plagiarism are presented belowUsing the work of others without acknowledging source of information or inspiration. Even if the words are changed or sentences are put in different order, the result is still plagiarism. (Cortell 2003)Extension and Late SubmissionCollusion describes as the submission of work produced in collaboration for an assignment based on the assessment of individual work. When one person shares his/her work with others who submit part of all of it as their protest work.If you deprivation an extension for a valid reason, you must request one using a coursework extension request form available from the college. Please note that the lecturers do not have the authority to extend the coursework deadlines an d therefore do not ask them to award a coursework extension.The completed form must be tended to(p) by evidence such as a medical certificate in the event of you being sick.OutcomesAssessment criteria for passTo achieve each resultant role a learner must demonstrate the ability to1 Investigate the tour operations sector of the travel and tourism industry1.1 Describe the tour operations sector of the travel and tourism industry1.2 Explain the effects of current and recent trends and developments on the tour operations Sector of the travel and tourism industry2 Explore the stages involved in developing packages2.1 Describe the stages and timescales involved in developing the holiday package2.2 Explain the suitability of different methods of contracting for different components of the Package holiday and different types of tour operator2.3 Determine a selling price for a package holiday from given information3 Review the role of brochures and methods of distribution used to sell pack age holidays3.1 Explain the planning decisions taken for a specified brochure3.2 Explain the planning decisions taken for a specified brochure3.3 Explain the suitability of different methods of distribution used to sell a holiday for differentTypes of tour operator4 Examine strategic and tactical decision making for tour operators4.1 Explain the strategic decisions made by different types of tour operator4.2 Explain the tactical decisions that could be taken by a specified tour operator in different situationsNote All outcomes must be met for a passMerit DescriptorDistinction DescriptorM1 Identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions.D1 Use critical reflection to evaluate own work and justify valid conclusions.M2 Select/design and apply appropriate methods/ techniques.D2 Take responsibility for managing and organizing activities.M3 Present and communicate appropriate findings.D3 Demonstrate convergent/ askant/creative thinking.Achievement of a Pass gradeA pass grade is achieved by meeting all the requirements defined in the assessment criteria for each individual unit.Achievement of a merit or distinction gradeAll the assessment criteria and merit grade descriptors need to be completed inwardly a unit to achieve a merit grade.All the assessment criteria merit and distinction grade descriptors must be completed within a unit to achieve a distinction grade.Suggested Support MaterialsBooksHolloway J C The Business of Tourism (Longman, 1999)Bull A The Economics of Travel and Tourism (Longman, 1998)Laws E Managing Packaged Tourism (International Thomson Business Press, 1997)Middleton, Victor T C and Clarke J Marketing in Travel and Tourism, Third edition(Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001)Yale P The Business of Tour Operations (Longman, 2000)Further readingABTA/AITO Code of ConductABTA HandbookABTA culture Bureau Holiday StatisticsCAA document number 221, 384International Passenger SurveyPackage Travel RegulationsTravel Trade GazetteTravel WeeklyWebsi tesWebsiteswww.abtanet.com Association of British Travel Agentswww.aito.co.uk Association of Independent Tour Operatorswww.caa.co.uk Civil Aviation chestwww.firstchoiceplc.co.uk First Choice Holidayswww.fto.co.uk Federation of Tour Operatorswww.mytravelgroup.com My Travel Groupwww.thomascook.com Thomas Cookwww.tui.com TUIASSESSMENT FEEDBACK SHEETGUILDHALL COLLEGEProgramme BTEC Higher National Diploma (HND) in Travel Tourism ManagementUnit Number and Title Unit 15 Tour Operations ManagementUnit Level H1Assignment referee Number 15.1.1 Tour Operations ManagementModule Tutor Margaret AmankwahEmail emailprotectedDate Set 22/March/2010Learner Name . Learner IDInformation/feedback on assessment and grading criteriaAssessment Criteria (Pass-P)AchievedEvidenceFeedback RemarksP1Describe the tour operations sector of the travel andtourism industryYes/NoP2 explain the effects of current and recent trends anddevelopments on the tour operations sector of thetravel and tourism industryYes/NoP3 Describe the stages and timescales involved in developing the holiday packageYes/NoP4 explain the suitability of different methods ofcontracting for different components of the packageholiday and different types of tour operatorYes/NoP5 determine a selling price for a package holiday fromgiven informationYes/NoP6 explain the planning decisions taken for a specifiedbrochureYes/NoP7 explain the suitability of alternatives to a traditionalbrochure for different types of tour operatorYes/NoP8 Explain the suitability of different methods ofdistribution used to sell a holiday for different typesof tour operatorYes/NoP9 Explain the strategic decisions made by differenttypes of tour operatorYes/NoP10 explain the tactical decisions that could be taken bya specified tour operator in different situationsYes/NoGrading criteria (Merit-M Destination-D)AchievedEvidenceFeedback RemarksM1 Identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions.Yes/NoM2 Select/design and apply appropriate method s /techniques.Yes/NoM3 Present and communicate appropriate findingsYes/NoD1 Use critical reflection to evaluate own work and justify valid conclusions.Yes/NoD2 Take responsibility for managing and organizing activities.Yes/NoD3 Demonstrate convergent/lateral/creative thinking.Yes/NoAssessors general commentsAssessors cutaneous senses Date .Print Name ..Resubmission Date..Learners commentsSignature Date Print Name Feedback of this coursework will normally be given to students four weeks after the submission of an assignment.

Tree Conservation Essay :: essays research papers

Trees the Most Valuable Resource on Earth TodayForests are one of the most valuable resources on the orbiter today. Without forests it would be almost impossible for any living thing to survive. But, with this in mind many people destroy forests. It is as though theydont even care that they are dooming themselves as well as the trees. Hopefully through this article I can assistance save the forest and help human kind, as well as all other organisms, by tellinghow important the forest is and how it functions.What is a Forest? A forest is to a greater extent than just a bunch of trees growing next to each other. A forest is a very complex system of animals and plants, living in and on fertile and suitable soil. Forests are divided up into five different levels or layers. These levels are the canopy, herb, shrub, understory, and the forest floor. The canopy layer is the top layer. This is where photosynthesis takes place and its also where the leafy tops of the trees are. This layer is home to a variety of insects and squirrels. The next layer is the understory. This is made up of smaller trees and is home to birds and climbing animals. The ternary layer is known as the shrub layer. It is made up of shrubs and vines. It also provides nuts and berries. The next layer is the herb layer. This layer is made up of fragile green plants and wildflowers. Birds, insects, snakes, and toads also nest there. The last and final layer is the forest floor. This is the thick fertile soil covered by twigs, branches, insects and detritus.Why are Trees pregnant? Trees are major erosion blockers. Their leaves intercept rain and lower the force of impact the water has on the ground. Each tiny rain drop is similar a miniature bomb. It splatters and washesdirt away with it. Tree roots also hold in soil and keep it from washing away. People plant trees on mountain slopes and other similar places to preventmud slides. This aspect makes trees a very valuable resource.Healthy forests serve as wonderful habitats. It provides clean water, food, shelter, and the seat that living organisms need to survive. Different animals need different habitats. The forest gives them this with a variety of places to buy the farm. All though some live on the ground, most of them live in trees.

Beowulf (Christianity vs. Paganism) Essay -- Epic of Beowulf Essays

Christianity vs. PaganismIn the story of Beowulf, there is a observable struggle between Christianity and Paganism, and the characters personal battle between the two. Throughout the story the characters display actions that lead towards Paganism and Christianity. Contrary to Pagan belief Beowulf is seen as the mental image of good and beneficent to all of mankind. In Beowulf, the people showed their faith and love in God, however due to horrific events, paranoia caused them to look for a quick state and turns them to Paganism.The pagan elements in the epic poem Beowulf are evident in the characters superhuman personifications. Beowulf is depicted as a superhero. Beowulf takes it upon himself to save the Danes from Grendel. In his battle with Grendel, Beowulf chooses non to use weapons he relies on his super strength. During the fight, Beowulfs strength takes over, and Beowulf wrestles with Grendel until he is able to rip one of the monsters arms out of its socket. Superhuman fe ats also appear in the fight with Grendels mother. When Beowulf enters the water, he swims, without the use of oxygen, downward for an entire day before he sees the bottom. During the battle with Grendels mother, Beowulf realizes that Unferths sword is useless against the monsters thick skin. He grabs an enormous sword made by giants, almost too heavy to hold, and slashes through the monsters body. This superhero strength continues into t...